Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with near field communication (NFC)?

The option indicating "Additional data charges" is not typically considered a risk associated with near field communication (NFC). NFC primarily facilitates direct communication between devices over a short range, using radio-frequency identification technology. Unlike other forms of wireless communication, such as cellular data or Wi-Fi, NFC does not inherently incur additional data charges because it operates using a peer-to-peer connection and does not rely on cellular networks or data plans for functionality.

The other options represent risks commonly associated with NFC technology. Data interception can occur as sensitive information transmitted between devices, albeit briefly, may be vulnerable if not properly encrypted. Unauthorized access to a device is a potential concern if a malicious actor is able to exploit NFC capabilities to connect to and gain control over a device without the owner's knowledge. Furthermore, malware infection is also a risk, as NFC can potentially be used to transfer malicious payloads between compatible devices. These aspects highlight the importance of employing secure practices when enabling NFC functionalities on devices.