What is encryption?

Encryption is defined as the process of converting data into a code to prevent unauthorized access. This technique is essential for protecting sensitive information from being accessed or understood by unauthorized individuals. By transforming plain text into ciphertext using algorithms and keys, encryption ensures that even if data is intercepted, it cannot be read or decoded without the appropriate key.

The significance of encryption lies in its ability to secure communications and data storage, making it a fundamental component of cybersecurity measures. Organizations utilize encryption to protect everything from emails and personal messages to financial transactions and confidential files, thereby maintaining confidentiality and integrity.

In contrast, the other options do not accurately describe encryption. A method of data storage refers to how data is organized and kept, rather than how it is protected. A type of cyber attack describes a range of malicious actions aimed at compromising systems, but does not involve the protective process of encryption. Backing up data pertains to creating copies of data to prevent loss or damage, rather than securing it from unauthorized access. Therefore, understanding encryption is crucial for anyone involved in cybersecurity or handling sensitive information.