What does "network segmentation" achieve?

Network segmentation is a crucial security practice that involves dividing a computer network into smaller, distinct segments. This division enhances security by creating boundaries that help control traffic and isolate sensitive data and systems. By segmenting the network, organizations can effectively limit lateral movement of threats within the network.

For instance, if an attacker gains access to one segment, they may find it more challenging to move to other segments without additional permissions or access credentials. This containment strategy minimizes the potential damage from a compromised system, as the intruder's access would be restricted to only the segment they infiltrated, rather than allowing unrestricted access to the entire network.

This approach also allows for more targeted security controls to be implemented within each segment, which can further enhance the overall security posture of the organization. Effective network segmentation can lead to improved compliance with data protection regulations by restricting access to sensitive information only to approved segments.

In essence, while other options may address different aspects of network and resource management, they do not specifically cater to the primary security function that network segmentation provides—limiting the lateral movement of threats, thereby enhancing the overall security of the network infrastructure.